Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: The intestinal microbiota and metabolites in patients with anorexia nervosa

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1902771

Figure Lengend Snippet: Initial and final parameter values of controls and patients with AN

Article Snippet: Further, serum was used for IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α levels assessment by ELISA (Human IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α Quantikine HS ELISA kit, Bio-Techne R&D Systems, USA; ).

Techniques: Fat

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: DDX50 Is a Viral Restriction Factor That Enhances IRF3 Activation

doi: 10.3390/v14020316

Figure Lengend Snippet: DDX50 (RH-II/Guβ) is required for innate immune signalling in response to intracellular nucleic acid. ( A ) Firefly luciferase activity of WT or Ddx50 −/− MEFs transfected with plasmids encoding Firefly Luciferase under the Ifnβ promoter and Renilla. Cells were left untreated or treated with 5 µg/mL extracellular PolyIC (epIC), transfected with 5 µg/mL PolyIC (pIC) for 6 h, or infected with Sendai virus (SeV) for 24 h. ( B ) WT or Ddx50 −/− MEFs were transfected with lipofectamine only or 5 µg/mL pIC for 7 h, and the fold induction of Isg56 , Cxcl10 , or Ifnb mRNA levels, relative to Gapdh , were analysed by RT-qPCR. ( C ) Secreted levels of CXCL10 and IL-6 in the medium at 7 h post transfection with PolyIC or ( D ) 4.5 h post infection with SeV were analysed by ELISA. ( E ) Firefly Luciferase activity of WT or DDX50 −/− HEK293Ts transfected with plasmids encoding Firefly Luciferase under the Ifnβ promoter and Renilla under the TK promoter. Cells were infected for 24 h with SeV or left untreated. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments. ( F ) Secreted levels of CXCL10 in the medium at 24 h post infection of WT or DDX50 −/− HEK293Ts with SeV were analysed by ELISA. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments. For all panels, statistical significance was determined by performing a two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post-hoc.

Article Snippet: The level of human or mouse CXCL10/IP-10 was determined using a DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and the level of mouse IL-6 was determined using a DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D systems) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Luciferase, Activity Assay, Transfection, Infection, Virus, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: DDX50 Is a Viral Restriction Factor That Enhances IRF3 Activation

doi: 10.3390/v14020316

Figure Lengend Snippet: DDX50 is required for IRF3-dependent signalling in response to the dsDNA viruses HSV-1 and VACV. WT MEFs or Ddx50 −/− MEFs were infected for 3 or 6 h at 10 p.f.u./cell with HSV-1 S17 ΔICP0 ( A , C ) or MVA ( B , D ) or left uninfected. ( A , B ) mRNA was extracted and Ifnb , Isg56 , and Cxcl10 levels were analysed by RT-qPCR relative to Gapdh . Representative of at least two independent experiments. ( C , D ) Secretion of CXCL10 and IL-6 were measured at 3 and 6 h post infection by ELISA. Representative of three independent experiments performed in quadruplicate. For all panels, statistical significance was determined by performing a two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post-hoc test. ns, non-significant.

Article Snippet: The level of human or mouse CXCL10/IP-10 was determined using a DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and the level of mouse IL-6 was determined using a DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D systems) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Aristolochic acid I induces proximal tubule injury through ROS / HMGB1 /mt DNA mediated activation of TLRs

doi: 10.1111/jcmm.17451

Figure Lengend Snippet: Candidate gene expressions that contribute to injury (A‐O) in HK2 cells exposed to aristolochic acidI (40 μM) compared to unexposed cells (control) showed increased expressions of TLRs (2–4, 9) and inflammatory cytokines ( TNFα, IL6, IL1B, IL18, TGFβ and NLRP3 )); Unpaired t ‐test (two‐tailed); n = 12; N = 4; Heatmap of gene expressions (P) showing TLR9 as the most prominent gene overexpressed in HK2 cells upon AA exposure (40 μM) for 24 h

Article Snippet: We determined the levels of IL6 (Human IL‐6 ELISA Ready‐SET‐Go, eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA, catalogue 88–7066) and KIM1 (Human Urinary TIM‐1/KIM‐1/HAVCR Quantikine ELISA Kit; R&D Systems, MN, USA, catalogue DKM100) by ELISA in the cell culture medium according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Aristolochic acid I induces proximal tubule injury through ROS / HMGB1 /mt DNA mediated activation of TLRs

doi: 10.1111/jcmm.17451

Figure Lengend Snippet: TLRs (2, 4, 6, 9) protein expressions were increased in HK2 cells after exposure to AAI (40 μM) for 24 h (A); B: TLR2, Unpaired t ‐test * p value = 0.0329; C: TLR4, n = 5, Unpaired t ‐test ** p value = 0.0017; D: TLR6, NS = not significant; E: TLR9, n = 5; Unpaired t ‐test * p value = 0.0165; n = 6; F: IL6 ELISA ** p = 0.001; Two tailed p value, Ratio paired t ‐test; N = 8; G: KIM1 ELISA, p = ns; AAI exposure (40 μM) increased expression of LCN2 (H) and TLR9 (J) proteins compared to unexposed HK2 cells; cell fluorescence measurement of LCN2 (I) and TLR9 (K); Unpaired t ‐test **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: We determined the levels of IL6 (Human IL‐6 ELISA Ready‐SET‐Go, eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA, catalogue 88–7066) and KIM1 (Human Urinary TIM‐1/KIM‐1/HAVCR Quantikine ELISA Kit; R&D Systems, MN, USA, catalogue DKM100) by ELISA in the cell culture medium according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Two Tailed Test, Expressing, Fluorescence